Cross Examination – Irving Younger’s Ten Commandments

          Be Brief

          Short Questions and Plain Words

          Never Ask Anything but a Leading Question

          Ask Only Questions to Which You Already Know the Answers

          Listen to the Witness’s Answer

          Don’t Argue with the Witness

          Do not Permit a Witness to Repeat What was Said on Direct Examination

          Never Permit a Witness to Explain Anything

          Avoid One Question too Many

          Save it for Summation

Ten Commandments of Cross-Examination

          Thou Shalt Prepare

          Thou Shalt Know Thy Objective

          Thou Shalt Take Baby Steps

          Thou Shalt Lead the Witness (Usually)

          Thou Shalt Know Thy Style and Adapt It to the Occasion

          Thou Shalt Know When to Quit

          Thou Shalt Know What to Take to the Podium

          Thou Shalt Know Thy Audience

          Thou Shalt Know the Rules of Evidence

          Thou Shalt Know Thy Judge

Cross-Examination – Bills of Exception

Andrade v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 14-05-01227-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] delivered November 29, 2007)

Cross-Examination – Bolstering the Defendant’s Case

          Secure Positive Agreements

          Verify the Defendant’s Theory as a Reasonable Alternative

          Predicate the Defendant’s Summation

Cross-Examination – Limitations

Zavala v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 14-10-00286-CR (Tex.App.-- Houston [14^th Dist.] delivered November 1, 2011)

Cross-Examination – Police Officer

          When the Officer Contradicts or Adds Additional Facts Not in the Offense Report

          Cross Examination Of An Undercover Officer

          Cross Examination Of Surveillance Officers

Cross-Examination – Prior Consistent Statements

                     Hammons v. State, 221 S.W.3d 720 (Tex.App.-- San Antonio 2007)

Hammons v. State, 239 S.W.3d 798 (Tex.Crim.App. 2007)

Ibenyenwa v. State, ___S.W.3d ___, No. 02-10-00142-CR (Tex.App.– Fort Worth delivered December 15, 2011)

Martinez v. State, ___ S.W.3d 798 ___, No. 04-07-00238-CR (Tex.App.-- San Antonio delivered September 24, 2008)

Cross-Examination – Expert Witness

          Objectives to Consider in Planning Your Cross-Examination:

          Ultimate Issue

          Key Points

          Discredit the Witness

          Obtain Agreement

          Appeal to the Jury

          Motion for an Ex Parte Appointment of an Expert

Cross-Examination – Preparation for Cross-Examination of Experts

Cross-Examination – Style – Always be Yourself

Cross-Examination of the Expert Witness

Cross-Examination – Demeanor

Cross-examination – Good Faith

Temple v. State, ___ S..W.3d ___, No. 14-08-00074-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [14^th Dist.] delivered December 21, 2010)

Cross-Examination of Medical Experts

          Qualifications 

          Testing Medical Knowledge

          Bias as Professional Witness

          Limitations of Medical Examination

          Special Knowledge of Treating Physician

          Thoroughness of Examination

Cross-Examination – Complainant ‘s Prior Sexual History

Lapointe v. State, 225 S.W.3d. 513 (Tex.Crim.App. 2007)

Dudley v. State, 223 S.W.3d 717 (Tex.App.– Tyler 2007)

Cross-Examination – Discrediting a Witness

          Demonstrate Bias of the Witness

          Highlight Error or Confusion

          Impeach the Witness

Cross-Examination – Predicate for Prior Inconsistent Statement

Rule 612

          Rule 613

Cross-Examination – Predicate for Prior Conviction

          Rule 609

Cross-Examination – Impeachment with Testimony from a Prior Trial

          Rule 613

Cross-Examination – Impeachment by “opening the door.”

          Rule 608

          Rule 609

Grant v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 03-06-00765-CR (Tex.App.– Austin delivered February 15, 2008)

Cross-Examination – The Witness Does Not Remember Prior Question or Answer

Cross-Examination – The Witness Denies Making the Prior Answer

Cross-Examination – Witness’s Prior Written Statements

Roberts v. State, 220 S.W.3d 521 (Tex.Crim.App. 2007)

Freeman v. State, 230 S.W.3d 382(Tex.App.– Eastland 2007)

Cross-Examination – Improper Impeachment – Witness Impeaching Another Witness

Temple v. State, ___ S..W.3d ___, No. 14-08-00074-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [14^th Dist.] delivered December 21, 2010)

Direct Examination

          Basic Rules

          Avoid Absolute Words

          Don’t Elaborate or Volunteer

          Be Careful When Using Hedge Words

          Concessions

          “I Don’t Know"

          "I Don’’t Recall" 

          Beware of Open-ended Questions

          Avoid Slang

          Yes or No Responses

          What to Do When You Make a Mistake

          Refusal to Speculate

          “I Don’t Understand the Question"

          Eye Contact

Direct Examination – Predicates

          Business Records

          Diagrams

          Expert Witness

          Fax – Rule 901(a)

                     Guidry v. State, 121 S.W.3d 849 (Tex.App.– Beaumont 2003)

          Recordings – Audio

          Recordings – Audio Transcripts

          Photographs

          Video Tape Re-enactment

                     Dorsey v. State, 117 S.W.3d 332 (Tex.App.– Beaumont 2003)

Direct Examination – Cross-Examination by the State

          Impeachment – Prior Inconsistent Statement

          Rule 612

          Rule 613

          Impeachment – Prior Conviction

          Rule 609

          Rule 609(a) – Crimes of Moral Turpitude

Urtado v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 03-09-00646-CR (Tex.App.– Austin delivered February 16, 2011)

Direct Examination – Character Evidence

Sims v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, NO. PD-1575-07 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered July 2, 2008)

Objections and Evidentiary Problems

          Discovery Violations

Oprean v. State, ___S.W.3d ___, No. PD-0669-05 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered September 13, 2006)

Menefee v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 06-05-00204-CR (Tex.App.– Texarkana Delivered December 28, 2006)

                     Kirksey v. State, 132 S.W.3d 49 (Tex.App.– Beaumont 2004)

                     Depena v. State, 148 S.W.3d 461 (Tex.App.– Corpus Christi 2004)

                     Horner v. State, 129 S.W.3d 210 (Tex.App. – Corpus Christi 2004)

          Electronic Communications

Tieda v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, NO. PD-0312-11 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered February 8, 2012)

          Expert Witnesses

          Rule 701

                     Osbourn v. State, 92 S.W.3d 531 (Tex.Crim.App. 2002)

          Rule 702

                     Kelly v. State, 824 S.W.2d 568 (Tex.Crim.App.1992)

                     Muhammad v. State, 46 S.W.3d 493 (Tex.App.– El Paso 2001)

Expert Testimony – Admissible

Morris v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, NO. PD-0796-10 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered December 7, 2011)

                     Rodgers v. State, 205 S.W.3d 525 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006)

                     Madrona v. State, 127 S.W.3d 781 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004)

                     Wilson v. State, 195 S.W.3d 193 (Tex.App.– San Antonio 2006)

                     Bhakta v. State, 124 S.W.3d 738 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist.] 2003)

                     Burns v. State, 122 S.W3d 434 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist] 2003)

                     De La O v. State, 127 S.W.3d 799 (Tex.App.– San Antonio 2003)

Cuadros-Fernandez v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 05-06-01464-CR (Tex.App.-- Dallas delivered August 28, 2009)

                     Sanders v. State, 191 S.W.3d 272 (Tex.App.– Waco 2006)

                     Urquhart v. State, 128 S.W.3d 701 (Tex.App. – El Paso 2003)

                     Presswood v. State, 124 S.W.3d 837 (Tex.App.– Eastland 2003)

Shaw v. State, ___S.W.3d ___, No. 14-09-00412-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [14^th Dist.] delivered November 9, 2010)

Expert Testimony – Inadmissible

Coble v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, NO. AP-76,019 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered October 13, 2010)

Delane v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 01-10-00698-CR (Tex.App.-- Houston [1^st Dist.] delivered February 2, 2012)

                     Hernandez v. State, 127 S.W.3d 206 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist.] 2003)

                     Pham v. State, 125 S.W.3d 622 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist.] 2003)

                     Madrona v. State, 127 S.W.3d 781 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004)

Echavarria v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 04-10-00623-CR (Tex.App.– San Antonio delivered December 30, 2011)

                     Franco v. State, 180 S.W.3d 219 (Tex.App.– San Antonio 2005)

Escamilla v. State, ___ S.W 3d ___, No. 04-09-00530-CR (Tex.App.– San Antonio delivered October 13, 2010)

                     Sessums v. State, 129 S.W.3d 242 (Tex.App.– Texarkana 2004)

                     Owens v. State, 135 S.W.3d 302 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2004)

                     Salazar v. State, 127 S.W.3d 355 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2004)

Gate-Keeper Hearing

          Rule 705

                     Harris v. State, 133 S.W.3d 760 (Tex.App.-- Texarkana 2004)

EXTRANEOUS OFFENSES

Gaytan v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 03-09-00370-CR (Tex.App.– Austin delivered January 21, 2011)

HEARSAY

          Rule 801(b)

          Rule 801(e)

Drug Ledgers

Woolverton v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 06-09-00221-CR (Tex.App.– Texarkana delivered September 14, 2010)

Offered For The Truth Of The Matter Asserted

                     Mosley v. State, 141 S.W.3d 816 (Tex.App.– Texarkana 2004)

Not Offered For The Truth Of The Matter Asserted

Coble v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, NO. AP-76,019 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered October 13, 2010)

                     West v. State, 121 S.W.3d 95 (Tex.App.– Fort Worth 2003)

Woolverton v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 06-09-00221-CR (Tex.App.– Texarkana delivered September 14, 2010)

Pretrial Testimony – Outcry Witness

Sanchez v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 04-09-00605-CR (Tex.App.– San Antonio delivered November 3, 2010)

Impeaching the Declarant

Sohail v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 01-06-00682-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist.] delivered February 21, 2008)

Hearsay and the Confrontation Clause

Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 124 S.Ct. 1354, 158 L.Ed.2d 177 (2004)

Objections

                     Lane v. State, 151 S.W.3d 188 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004)

                     Mulvihill v. State, 177 S.W.3d 409 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist] 2005)

                     Neal v. State, 186 S.W.3d 690 (Tex.App.– Dallas 2006)

Excited Utterance

          Rule 803(3)

                    Gonzalez v. State, 155 S.W.3d 603 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004)

Excited Utterance – Admissible

Coble v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, NO. AP-76,019 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered October 13, 2010)

McCarthy v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, NO. PD-1139-07 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered June 25, 2008)

                     Apolinar v. State, 155 S.W.3d 184 (Tex.Crim.App. 2005)

                     Mims v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 01-06-00230-CR (Tex.App.– Houston

                                [1st Dist] delivered July 12, 2007)

                     Lagunas v. State, 187 S.W.3d 503 (Tex.App.– Austin 2005)

McCarthy v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 06-06-00167-CR (Tex.App.– Texarkana June 14, 2007)

                     Hudson v. State, 179 S.W.3d 731 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2005)

Excited Utterance – Not Admissible

                     Harris v. State, 133 S.W.3d 760 (Tex.App.– Texarkana 2004)

Present Sense Impression

Freeman v. State, 230 S.W.3d 392 (Tex.App.– Eastland 2007)

Statements for Purposes of Medical Diagnosis or Treatment

          Rule 803(4)

                     Jones v. State, 92 S.W.3d 619 (Tex.App.– Austin 2002)

Da la Paz v. State, ___S.W.3d ___, No. PD-1168-07 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered June 18, 2008)

Vasquez v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___. No. 11-07-00101-CR (Tex.App.– Eastland delivered June 26, 2008)

                     Tyler v. State, 167 S.W.3d 550 (Tex. App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2005)

Statements Made For Medical Diagnosis And Treatment – Admissible

                     Lane v. State, 111 S.W.3d 203 (Tex.App.– Eastland 2003)

Statements Made For Medical Diagnosis And Treatment – Inadmissible

Rodriguez v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, 07-05-0304-CR (Tex.App.– Amarillo delivered August 31, 2007)

Crawford v. Washington

          911 Calls – Admissible

Davis v. Washington, ___ U.S. ___, 124 S.Ct. 2266, 165 L.Ed.2d 224 (2006)

                     Campos v. State, 186 S.W.3d 93 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist.] 2005)

                     Neal v. State, 186 S.W.3d 690 (Tex.App.– Dallas 2006)

                     Kearney v. State, 181 S.W.3d 438 (Tex.App.– Waco 2005)

                     Montoya v. State, 43 S.W.3d 568 (Tex.App.– Waco 2001)

                     Ruth v. State, 167 S.W.3d 560 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2005)

People v. Johnson (2010), (Cal.App.4th [No. A124362. First Dist., Div. Five. Nov. 5, 2010])

          Non-Testimonial

Gongora v. State, 214 S.W.3d 58 (Tex.App. – Fort Worth 2006)

                     Smith v. State, 187 S.W.3d 186 (Tex.App.– Fort Worth 2006)

                     Lagunas v. State, 187 S.W.3d 503 (Tex.App.– Austin 2005)

Rodriguez v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 04-07-00387-CR (Tex.App.– San Antonio delivered October 1, 2008)

                     Wilson v. State, 195 S.W.3d 193 (Tex.App.– San Antonio 2006)

                     Spencer v. State, 162 S.W.3d 877 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2005)

          Testimonial

Hammon v. Indiana, ___ U.S. ___, 124 S.Ct. 2266, 165 L.Ed.2d 224 (2006)

                     Shuffield v. State, 189 S.W.3d 782 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006)

                     Mason v. State, 173 S.W.3d 105 (Tex.App.– Dallas 2005)

                     Davis v. State, 169 S.W.3d 660 (Tex.App.– Austin 2005)

                     Davis v. State, 203 S.W.3d 845 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered 2006)

                     Moore v. State, 169 S.W.3d 467 (Tex.App.– Texarkana 2005)

                     Wall v. State, 143 S.W.3d 846 (Tex.App.-- Corpus Christi 2004)

                     Wall v. State, 184 S.W.3d 720 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006)

          Article 38.071 V.A.C.C.P. – Video of Child-Complainant

Mitchell v. State, 238 S.W.3d 405 (Tex.App. – Houston [1st Dist] 2007)

                     Rangel v. State, 199 S.W.3d 523 (Tex.App.– Fort Worth 2006)

Morales v. State, 222 S.W.3d 134 Tex.App.– Corpus Christi 2006)

                     Laredo v. State, 194 S.W.3d 637 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2006)

          Article 38.072 V.A.C.C.P. – Outcry Witness

                     Hanson v. State, 180 S.W.3d 726 (Tex.App.– Waco 2005)

          Autopsy and DNA Reports

                     Mitchell v. State, 191 S.W.3d 219 (Tex.App.– San Antonio 2005)

Campos v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 14-07-00014-CR (Tex.App. – Houston [14th Dist.] delivered May 27, 2008)

          Ballistics Tests

Tollefson v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 04-10-00286-CR (Tex.App.– San Antonio delivered August 31, 2011)

          Breathalyzer and Blood Reports

Derichsweiller v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 02-08-117-CR REMAND (Tex.App.-- Fort Worth delivered January 19. 2012)

Settlemire v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 2-09-214-CR (Tex.App.– Fort Worth delivered July 8, 2010)

          DNA Reports

Hamilton v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 04-08-00206-CR (Tex.App.– San Antonio delivered August 31, 2009)

Cuadros-Fernandez v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 05-06-01464-CR (Tex.App.-- Dallas delivered August 28, 2009)

          Impeaching the Declarant

          Rule 806

Hernandez v. State, 219 S.W.3d 6 (Tex.App.– San Antonio 2006)

                     Oval v. State, 164 S.W.3d 735 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2005)

                     Ruth v. State, 167 S.W.3d 560 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2005)

          Doctrine Of Forfeiture By Wrongdoing

Giles v. California, ___ U.S. ___, ___ S.Ct. ___, ___L.Ed.2d ___, No. 07–6053 (June 25, 2008)

                     Gonzalez v. State, 155 S.W.3d 603 (Tex.App.– San Antonio 2004)

                     Gonzalez v. State, 195 S.W.3d 114 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006)

Sohail v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 01-06-00682-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist.] delivered February 21, 2008)

Render v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 11-09-00263-CR (Tex.App.– Eastland delivered August 18, 2011)

          Lab Reports

Bullcoming v. New Mexico, ___ U.S. ___. 131 S.Ct 2701, ___ L.Ed.2d ___ (No. 09–10876, June 23, 2011)

                     Medical Records

Berkley v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 04-08-00381-CR (Tex.App.– San Antonio delivered August 19, 2009)

          Revocation Proceedings

                     Smart v. State, 153 S.W.3d 118 (Tex.App.– Beaumont 2004)

          Statements Made to Police During an Investigation

Wilson v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 14-08-00236-CR (Tex.App.-- Houston [14^th Dist.] delivered July 30, 2009)

          Supervising Chemist

Blaylock v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 06-07-00090-CR (Tex.App.– Texarkana delivered May 14, 2008)

          CPS Video Tapes

Land v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 06-09-00034-CR (Tex.App.– Texarkana delivered June 24, 2009)

Appeal

Ex parte Lave, Jr., ___ S.W.3d ___, NO. AP-75,912 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered June 25, 2008)

Hearsay Exceptions

Co-Conspirator’s Statements

Brown v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 12-08-00370-CR (Tex.App.-- Tyler delivered July 14, 2010)

Identification Exception

Delacerda v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 01-09-00972-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [1^st Dist.] delivered July 21, 2011)

Present Sense Impression

          Rule 803(1)

                     Beauchamp v. State, 870 S.W.2d 649 (Tex.App.– El Paso 1994)

Excited Utterance

          Rule 803(2)

                     Harris v. State, 133 S.W.3d 760 (Tex.App.– Texarkana 2004)

                     Oval v. State, 164 S.W.3d 735 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2004)

Then Existing Mental, Emotional, or Physical Condition

          Rule 803(3)

Delapaz v. State, 228 S.W.3d 183 (Tex.App.– Dallas 2007)

                     Dorsey v. State, 117 S.W.3d 332 (Tex.App.– Beaumont 2003)

Statements for Purposes of Medical Diagnosis or Treatment

          Rule 803(4)

                     Burns v. State, 122 S.W.3d 434 (Tex.App.-- Houston [1st Dist] 2003)

Vasquez v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___. No. 11-07-00101-CR (Tex.App.– Eastland delivered June 26, 2008)

                     Horner v. State, 129 S.W.3d 210 (Tex.App.– Corpus Christi 2004)

Records of Regularly Conducted Activity

          Rule 803(6)

                     Garcia v. State, 126 S.W.3d 921 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004)

                     West v. State, 124 S.W.3d 732 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist.] 2003)

                     In the Interest of K.C.P., 142 S.W.3d 574 (Tex.App.– Texarkana 2004)

Statement Against Interest

          Rule 803(24)

                     Lester v. State, 120 S.W.3d 897 (Tex.App.– Texarkana 2003)

Impeaching The Declaring

          Rule 806

                     Oval v. State, 164 S.W.3d 735 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2004)

Boot-Strap Impeachment

                     Paita v. State, 125 S.W.3d 708 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist] 2003)

Post Arrest Silence

Salazar v. State, 131 S.W.3d 210 (Tex.App.– Fort Worth 2004)

                     Ex parte White, 160 S.W.3d 46 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004)

                     Heidelberg v. State, 144 S.W.3d 535, 537 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004)

Rule of Optional Completeness

          Rule 106

          Rule 107

Stewart v. State, 221 S.W.3d 306 (Tex.App.– Fort Worth 2007)

                     Elmore v. State, 116 S.W.3d 809 (Tex.App.– Fort Worth 2003)

Delapaz v. State, 228 S.W.3d 183 (Tex.App.– Dallas 2007)

Rios v. State, 230 S.W.3d 252 (Tex.App.– Waco 2007)

Testimony of Supervising Chemist

                     Scott v. State, 155 S.W.3d 312 (Tex. App.– El Paso 2004)

                     Ingram v. State, 124 S.W.3d 672 (Tex.App.– Eastland 2003)

When the State Destroys Evidence

Salazar v. State, ___S.W.3d ___, No. 2-08-111-CR (Tex.App.-- Fort Worth delivered July 23, 2009)

Right to Have Transcript from a Prior Trial

Blackshear v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 4-09-01059-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [14^th Dist.] delivered May 24,2011)

Jury Charges

          Accomplice Witness

                     Druery v. State, 225 S.W.3d 491 (Tex.Crim.App. 2007)

          Concurrent Causation

                     Remsburg v. State, 219 S.W.3d 541, No. 06-06-00157-CR

                                (Tex.App.– Texarkana delivered March 30, 2007)

          Self-Defense

Morales v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, NO. PD-1155-10 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered November 9, 2011)

          Sexual Assault Involving Multiple Acts

                     Dixon v. State, 171 S.W.3d 432 (Tex.App.– Houston [14^th Dist.] 2005)

Martinez v. State, 225 S.W.3d 550, No. PD-0575-05 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered June 6, 2007)

Cueva v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 13-09-00195-CR (Tex.App, – Corpus Christi delivered May 2, 2011)

          Different Manner and Means of Committing an Offense

Garcia v. State, 212 S.W.3d 877 (Tex.App.– Austin 2006)

White v. State, 208 S.W.3d 567 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006)

                     Jefferson v. State, 189 S.W.3d 305 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006)

          Multiple Offenses

Fowler v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 03-05-00447-CR (Tex.App.– Austin delivered June 21, 2007pet. ref’d)

                     Marinos v. State, 186 S.W.3d 167 (Tex.App.– Austin 2006)

Rangel v. State, 199 S.W.3d 523 (Tex.App.– Fort Worth 2006)

Fowler v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 03-05-00447-CR (Tex.App.– Austin delivered June 21, 2007 pet. ref’d)

          Defensive Issues and Reasonable Doubt Instruction

Allen v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 01-04-00235-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist] delivered January 11, 2007 pet. granted)

          Parole Instructions

Cueva v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 13-09-00195-CR (Tex.App, – Corpus Christi delivered May 2, 2011)

Jury Charge – Objections – Comment on the Weight of the Evidence

Hernandez v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 01-09-00631-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [1^st Dist.] delivered March 17, 2011)

Hess v. State, 224 S.W.3d 511 (Tex.App.– Fort Worth 2007 pet. ref’d)

Helm v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 2-07-430-CR (Tex.App.– Fort Worth delivered August 31, 2009)

Jury Charge – Necessity

Wood v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No 04-07-00372-CR (Tex.App.– San Antonio delivered July 2, 2008)

Jury Charge – Self Defense

Walters v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, NO. PD-1952-06 (Tex.Crim.App. delivered December 5, 2007)

          Decedent’s Prior Acts of Violence

Smith v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 01-09-00634-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [1^st Dist.] delivered March 31, 2011)

Jury Arguments

          Planning and Preparation

          Delivery

          Practice Expressing Yourself

          Enhance the Persuasive Qualities of your Speaking Voice

Maximize the Use of your Body and its Accouterments as Tools to Authenticate your Message

          Learn to "Tell and Show"

          Use the Right Words at the Right Time

Employ Time-Tested Rhetorical Devices to Arrest the Jurors' Attention and Interact with Them

          Begin with Passion, Power, and a Compelling Theme

Understand that the Middle ("The Body") of your Argument is Where you Reason with the Mind and Affect the Emotions of your Jury

          Finish Strong with a Call to Action

          Keep it Short, and Keep Track of your Time

Jury Arguments – Improper State Arguments

Dudley v. State, 223 S.W.3d 717 (Tex.App.– Tyler 2007)

Jury Arguments – Proper State Arguments

Carmen v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 01-10-00124-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [1^st Dist.] delivered June 30, 2011)

Jury Arguments – Improper State Arguments on Parole

Branch v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 03-09-00477-CR (Tex.App.– Austin delivered March 18, 2011)

Punishment Hearings

          Article 37.07, Sec. 3

Article 37.03(a)(1) Factors

          Matters Relevant to Sentencing

                     Lindsay v. State, 102 S.W3d 223 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2003)

                     Strasser v. State, 81 S.W.3d 468 (Tex.App.– Eastland 2002)

          Prior Criminal Record

                     Reed v. State, 811 S.W.2d 582, 586 (Tex.Crim.App.1991)

                     Willover v. State, 84 S.W.3d 751 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist] 2002)

                     Cuddy v. State, 107 S.W.3d 92 (Tex.App.– Texarkana 2003)

          Reputation and Character

          State Witnesses

          Defense Witnesses

          Circumstances of the Offense

                     Salazar v. State, 90 S.W.3d 330 (Tex.Crim.App. 2002)

                     Salazar v. State, 118 S.W.2d 880 (Tex.App.– Corpus Christi 2003)

                     Karnes v. State, 127 S.W.3d 184 (Tex.App.– Fort Worth 2003)

                     Eaves v. State, 141 S.W.3d 686 (Tex.App.– Texarkana 2004)

                     Lindsay v. State, 102 S.W3d 223 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2003)

          Extraneous Offenses and Unadjudicated Offenses

                     Huizar v. State, 12 S.W.3d 479 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000)

                     Johnson v. State, 176 S.W.3d 94 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist] 2004)

                     Apolinar v. State, 106 S.W.3d 407 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist.] 2003)

                     Hudson v. State, 145 S.W3d 323 (Tex.App.– Fort Worth 2004)

                     Sims v. State, 84 S.W.3d 768 (Tex.App.– Dallas 2002)

                     Hernandez v. State, 23 S.W.3d 122 (Tex.App.– Amarillo 2000)

          Juvenile Convictions

                     Sims v. State, 84 S.W.3d 768 (Tex.App.– Dallas 2002)

Miscellaneous Factors

          Cumulations Orders

                     Martin v. State, 143 S.W.3d 412 (Tex.App.– Austin 2004)

                     Ponce v. State, 89 S.W.3d 110 (Tex.App.– Corpus Christi 2002)

          Enhancement Counts

Flowers v. State, 220 S.W.3d 919 (Tex.Crim.App. 2007)

                     Rhodes v. State, 175 S.W.3d 348 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist] 2004)

                     Forties v. State, 105 S.W.3d 697 (Tex.App.– Amarillo 2003)

Issues Decided at Punishment

          Affirmative Finding of a Deadly Weapon

                     Flenteroy v. State, 105 S.W.3d 702 (Tex.App.– Austin 2003)

          Kidnapping – Release in a Safe Place

                     Patterson v. State, 84 S.W.3d 326 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist.] 2002)

                     Storr v. State, 126 S.W.3d 647 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2004)

          Sudden Passion – Sufficient Evidence

                     Trevino v. State, 100 S.W.3d 232 (Tex.Crim.App. 2003)

          Sudden Passion – Insufficient Evidence

                     Hernandez v. State, 127 S.W.3d 206 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist.] 2003)

                     Grider v. State, 139 S.W.3d 37 (Tex.App.– Texarkana 2004)

          Punishment on a Re-trial

                     Washington v. State, 127 S.W.3d 197 (Tex.App.– Houston [1st Dist.]

                                 2003) 

                     Patterson v. State, 101 S.W.3d 150 (Tex.App.– Fort Worth 2003)

Enhancement Court Check List

Presentence Investigative Reports

          Article 37.07

Hart v. State, ___ S.W.3d ___, No. 14-09-00658-CR (Tex.App.– Houston [14^th Dist.] delivered April 5, 2011)

          PSI – Deferred

                     Griffith v. State, 135 S.W.3d 337 (Tex.App.– Houston [14th Dist.] 2004)

          PSI – Hearsay

                     Fryer v. State, 68 S.W.3d 628 (Tex.Crim.App. 2002)

                     Wilson v. State, 108 S.W.3d 328 (Tex.App.– Fort Worth 2003)

          PSI – Jury Argument

                     Champion v. State, 126 S.W.3d 686 (Tex.App.– Amarillo 2004)